Assess The Significance Of The Gods In free essay sample

It is the Gods, non fate, who are concerned with the activities of human life in both the # 8220 ; gt ; Odyssey lt ; # 8221 ; and the # 8220 ; gt ; Iliad lt ; # 8221 ; . The human action is so cardinal that it rather absorbs the Gods, as though they had no other duties. We get a sense of this godly engagement from the really beginning of the # 8221 ; Iliad # 8220 ; Hera prompts Achilles to name the assembly ( 1.54 ) ; Athene checks his resoluteness to assail Agamemnon ( 1.188ff. ) ; Zeus sends to Agamemnon a dream command him rally the Achaeans ( 2.16 ) ; Athene prompts Odysseus to forestall them from get oning the ships ( 2.182ff. ) ; she silences the ground forces to allow him talk ( 2.281 ) ; Aphrodite drives Helen to Paris ( 3.420 ) . Most noteworthy throughout the verse form is a hero # 8217 ; s might increased by a God ( 4.439, 4.515, 5.1-2, 5.122, 5.125, etc. ) . In all these instances, the God achieves nil supernatural but merely stimulates bing potencies. It cou ld non be otherwise. Human acts or provinces of being so stand out in their native quality that no external bureau is allowed to impact their true nature. We will write a custom essay sample on Assess The Significance Of The Gods In or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Yet a adult male # 8217 ; s ferocious resiliency may be rather elusive and may propose some unsuspected power. Human free-will is something natural an cryptic at the same clip. If the affair is seen in this visible radiation, it is unpointed to ask how far in Homer a adult male is responsible for his Acts of the Apostless and how far he is influenced by the Gods. Any intense minute of experience may look imponderable. Whence comes a sudden exhilaration that gives us added strength? It surely comes from a deep profound beginning in which we may experience a godly power. With equal applicability Homer says, # 8216 ; the spirit within him compelled him # 8217 ; or # 8216 ; a God compelled him. # 8217 ; Initiative is non taken for granted ; it does non come automatically. A organic structure # 8217 ; s energy is no different in this regard. For case, the two Ajaxes, touched by Poseidon, wonder at the manner their pess and custodies seem to hanker and travel on their ain history ( 13.73ff. ) . Near the terminal of the lt ; + # 8221 ; gt ; Iliad lt ; # 8221 ; gt ; , we find the best case of Gods take parting in a human enterprise ( 24.23ff. ) . Apollo pleads the cause of Hector on Olympus: his organic structure must be saved from Achilles # 8217 ; indignities and returned to Troy. The Gods agree. Zeus decides that Priam will travel to Achilles with the ransom and that Achilles will accept. Is so the great scene between Achilles and Priam predetermined? We might state that it is the other manner around: the human call ranges heaven and incites the Gods to action. In any instance, neither Achilles nor Priam acts passively. Pent-up emotions find their manner out and motivate the ransom. We have seen how Achilles is affected ; as for Priam, he says to Hecuba, # 8216 ; From Zeus an Olympic courier came. . . and strongly, within myself, my ain spirit and might offer me travel # 8217 ; ( 24.194ff. ) . The Gods do non weaken the human declaration but give it , instead, a greater resonance. We may look in the same manner at the alleged godly machinery. It has been observed that the action of the lt ; + # 8221 ; gt ; Iliad lt ; # 8221 ; gt ; could be conceived even without any intercession of the Gods. Others argue that nil happens in the verse form without the suggestion of a God. The wrath of Achilles is interpretable in its ain right ; and yet Apollo and Zeus come into the image. Do we hold a Godhead program or merely a human wrangle with dire effects? Neither alternate can be precisely true. Achilles # 8217 ; wrath is momentous, and its import can non be measured in ordinary human footings. Therefore any sudden of import go oning spells obfuscation ; it suggests a God. Human and godly power merge together. Supreme beings and work forces are mutualist. This position is confirmed by the manner Homer paints the Gods when they are left to themselves. For in their Olympic residences ( as in 1.571ff. ) they pale into a desultory imm ortality. The Olympic scenes are the lone 1s in which anything frivolous takes topographic point. It is from the human action that the Gods draw their life-blood. By being so often associated with specific heroes, they themselves become human and even stop up resembling their heroes. Apollo portions in the generous versatility of Hector, while Athene is associated with the prepossessing stateliness of Achilles and Diomedes. Such dealingss are no affair of class. What connects these braces is existent contact, handiness, acknowledgment, and intimacy. These immortals are more at place on Earth than in Eden. Although they are far from being all-knowing or almighty, they make up for any such lacks through their intense presence at important minutes # 8211 ; as when Achilles, on the point of assailing Agamemnon, is checked by Athene: And amazed was Achilles, / he turned, and immediately knew the goddess Pallas Athena ; / and apprehension was the visible radiation of her eyes. ( 1.199ff. ) The goddess stands out much more strongly here than when, for illustration, she chides Aphrodite on Olympus ( 5.420ff. ) . To be dramatically effectual, a God must look all of a sudden, as if from nowhere # 8211 ; frequently taking the form of a friend or comparative but ever someway recognizable. The anthromorphic visual aspect is tinged with personal entreaty. We have a cryptic familiar image. The imponderable component in life # 8217 ; s incidents therefore finds a persuasive manner of attesting itself. It is no admiration that Homer, a lover of ocular signifiers, gave the Gods such prominence, go forthing out every bit much as possible the shady thought of an across-the-board destiny. The Gods of the lt ; + # 8221 ; gt ; Iliad lt ; # 8221 ; gt ; are therefore characters in their ain right. Of class, they draw their importance from popular cults and mythology, but basically they play a dramatic portion and therefore assist to permeate faith with the heat of human emot ions. Hector # 8217 ; s Apollo is rather different from Chalcas # 8217 ; s God of prognostication or from the local God of Chrysa, Killa, or Tenedos ; the Athene of Achilles or Diomedes is rather different from the goddess of metropoliss or from the frequenter of humanistic disciplines and trades. No Gods can play a major function in Homer unless they have a personal entreaty and power. This status tends to understate or except those Gods that are excessively peculiarly identified with a certain domain of activity to take a by and large appealing countenance. Poseidon is so closely identified with the sea, is uneffective in the conflicts of books 13 and 14. You might anticipate Ares to be an of import God in a verse form that deals with war ; but, no, he has no personality, as his name is about synonymous with war. Artemis remains in the backgr ound. Demeter and Dionysus are about absent. The Sun God is merely appealed to in curses. Aphrodite is merely of import in relation to Hel en. Zeus, Apollo, and Athene are rather different. Even rather apart from their actions in the Homeric verse forms, they were more persuasive and free: Zeus, male parent of Gods and work forces, sky God, weather God ; Apollo, the God of vocal and healing every bit good as prognostication ; Athene, goddess of embattled metropoliss every bit good as wisdom. Their wide scope therefore extends beyond any peculiar state and yet intensifies their personal uniqueness. Even among the Gods, single strength is proportionate to cosmopolitan entreaty. It is no admiration that in giving blowhole to some wild desire the characters frequently say, # 8216 ; Would that it were, o male parent Zeus and Athene and Apollo # 8217 ; ( 2.371, 4.288, 7.132, 16.97 ) . Homer # 8217 ; s intervention of the Gods is no different from that of the human characters. Merely as the characters are non idolised, the Gods besides are non worshipped with any mystical fear or set aside in distant luster. Apollo is nowh ere more baronial than at Hector # 8217 ; s side in book 15, Athene nowhere more powerful than with Diomedes in book 5. A clear, bright presence is a trademark of the Gods # 8211 ; and of everything else # 8211 ; in Homer. Action and map are all important. The minor Gods besides appear with the same consequence. Hermes guides Priam to Achilles. Hephaestus builds Achilles # 8217 ; shield. Iris bears the messages of Zeus. The Hours open the Gatess of Olympus. Themis calls the Gods and serves at the Godhead feast. Even these Gods are removed from the shadowy background of popular cults or beliefs ; they get lucidity of lineation on the strength of what they really do. What accounts for the particular effectivity of the Homeric Gods is their engagement in the mundane activities of life. Such action is far more characteristic of their personalities than their rare exhibitions of extraordinary power in delivering a hero ( 3.380, 5.445, 20.325 ) . They normally behave like work forces and adult females. They have, at least, the same passions, the same emotions. Yet they are immortal. Homer barely dwells on their immortality, but the feeling is ever at that place ; a Godhead quality thence flows into actions shared by Gods and men.Divine quality? What sort of quality? What id the spiritual message of the # 8220 ; gt ; Iliad lt ; # 8221 ; ? There is surely no heaven-sent design in the lt ; + # 8221 ; gt ; Iliad lt ; # 8221 ; gt ; , no battle for the nonnatural cause. The Homeric Gods have a different sphere. Their power lies in the immediate nowadays. What we see is a godly immanency in things. What could be more rebarbative to common spiritual feeling than the wrangle between Achilles and Agamemnon go arounding around a inquiry of loot? And yet the deepest inherent aptitudes are brought into action, passions and declarations rise to full power ; certainly the crisis can non be taken for granted ; a God must skulk in these unleashed energies. The Gods t icker, informant, take part, and assist convey events to a crisis. Their motions are every bit free as human action is fluid in its wane and flow. They are poetically conceived harmonizing to the demands of the minute, non subjected to any regulation. We can happen no divinity here. Louder and stronger than any ritual supplications, we hear a call prompted by the juncture # 8211 ; that of Glaucus ( 16.514ff. ) or of Ajax ( 17.645ff. ) . The Gods listen, and in most instances they respond. But allow us non anticipate them to be merely or just ( Athene tempts Pandarus in 4.92ff. and victims Hector in 22.226ff. ) . Their strength lies in escalating the sense of life, and yet in making so they inevitably increase the poignancy of what is at interest, including the issue of right and incorrect. All serious poesy of early Greece involves the Gods. The presence of Godhead agents, visibly at work in what happens, enables the poet to demo the significance of events and the nature of the uni verse. In the # 8221 ; gt ; Iliad lt ; # 8221 ; we find a rich dramatis personae of Gods and goddesses. Some take the side of the Achaeans, others that of Troy. There are lively disputes over the nectar on Olympus, as the Godhead partisans support and oppose their chosen persons. Sometimes they go down – all save Zeus – and step in personally on Earth, on the battleground or in private interviews. From minute to minute they seem unedifying: ‘Homer makes his work forces Gods and his Gods men’ remarks a great critic in late antiquity, and he was believing chiefly of the Iliad. Gods even suffer, and the fly-by-night brace Ares and Aphrodite, who are on the Trojan side and whom the poet seems non to wish, are really wounded by mortal warriors, while even Zeus heartaches for the decease of his boy Sarpedon. Yet the agony of Gods is shortly over and lacks the calamity of that of work forces, and the phrase ’sublime frivolity’ fits them good. For they can be, at minutes, sublime every bit good as frivolous. The â€Å" > OdysseyIliadIliadOdysseyIliadIliad24.527-33 ) ; this kind of careful excuse was by no agencies in his manner. Care is taken in the† > OdysseyOdyssey,Diogeness.Odyssey† > that they do react to the inextinguishable call of the human bosom for justness. It can be argued that the â€Å" > OdysseyIliadIliad. â€Å" > When the comrades of Odysseus have killed the cowss of the Sun God, the out flesh emits unusual noises as it is being roasted. The cryptic visible radiation in the hall is attributed to a godly presence. Athene invariably guards the supporter and appears to him in individual to guarantee him of continued protection. Yet Zeus does non state that all agony comes to work forces through error, nor does he state that when they are punished they are punished by the Gods. The Gods have foresight and warn Aegisthus, but they do non oblige Orestes to make what he does. The point of the address is to set the moral duty for action steadfastly upon work forces. T he comrades of Odysseus and the suers die, like Aegisthus, through their ain folly. In the â€Å" > IliadIliad† > . It could good be argued that the ingredients are fundamentally the same in the two verse forms but that they have been mixed otherwise to show a tragic vision in one, and to function the involvements of a poetic justness feature of comedy in the other. 387

Free Essays on Musics Important Influence

do not effect me or anybody else otherwise everybody in school would run around shooting people and doing drugs. Rappers are blamed constantly for crimes. In 1988, rapper Ice-T was under the gun from the media because of a song he wrote called, "Cop Killa". Once that song was released several police murderers said they did it because of Ice-T's song. "But is it Ice-T's fault fore these crimes, or is it the fault of the person committing these crimes against the police" (Foster 2). Foster asks an inte... Free Essays on Music's Important Influence Free Essays on Music's Important Influence Music has been around for thousands of years. Music appeals to everyone. When was the last time you have heard someone say, "I hate all music."? Lately though music has been criticized for corrupting teen's minds. Rap is being blamed for all the crimes and murders in cities all over America and heavy metal is being blamed for giving teens only dark images and thoughts in their minds. Although the media and public criticize rap and rock music and blame the music for influencing teens negatively, they actually give many teenagers an outlet from their life problems. Parents love to blame musicians like Snoop Dogg and Dr. Dre to bands like KoRn and Limp Bizkit for their child's problems. Music is an excuse for bad parenting. "One should look at the family background of the person committing the crimes" (Foster 3). Most criminals come from dysfunctional families, which would explain why a person would turn to crime in life. Another reason a person would turn to crime is being sexually abused as a young child. This would definitely cause a person to go a little crazy. When someone hears some lyrics from Eminem, they do not go out and do what he says. Lyrics from Eminem and other similar lyrics are for entertainment only. If people did whatever they heard, then everybody would be evil and corrupted I hear far worse words and phrases during school than on a rap album, and the words do not effect me or anybody else otherwise everybody in school would run around shooting people and doing drugs. Rappers are blamed constantly for crimes. In 1988, rapper Ice-T was under the gun from the media because of a song he wrote called, "Cop Killa". Once that song was released several police murderers said they did it because of Ice-T's song. "But is it Ice-T's fault fore these crimes, or is it the fault of the person committing these crimes against the police" (Foster 2). Foster asks an inte...

The history and legacy of the slave trade and its economic, social and Essay

The history and legacy of the slave trade and its economic, social and cultural impact on the Northwest region of England - Essay Example erscored that the pre-industrialization era encouraged the slave trade as slaves were used mainly in agriculture and other sectors requiring manual labor. The emergence of colonialists also played a significant role since colonies, particularly in Africa, were rich sources of human merchandise. In Europe, Britain rivaled Spain and Portugal in the slave trade. The discovery of the New World was central to this that is why the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were said to be the centuries of trade, as the nineteenth century was the century of production. The â€Å"triangular trade† was the culmination, placing the slave trade as a major engine behind the enormous rise in world trade. Eric Williams and Colin Palmer wrote about this in the book called, Capitalism and Slavery: In this triangular trade England – France and Colonial America – equally supplied the exports and the ships; Africa the human merchandise; the plantations the colonial raw materials. The slave ship sailed from the home country with a cargo of manufactured goods. These were exchanged at a profit on the coast of Africa for Negroes, who were traded on the plantations, at another profit, in exchange for a cargo of colonial produce to be taken back to the home country. (p. 51-52) The Northwestern part of England, particularly the town of Liverpool, is a major slaving port, with its ships and merchants lording over the Atlantic trade. â€Å"The precise reasons for Liverpools dominance of the trade are still debated by historians. Some suggest that Liverpool merchants were being pushed out of the other Atlantic trades, such as sugar and tobacco. Others claim that the towns merchants were more enterprising. A significant factor was the ports position with ready access via a network of rivers and canals to the goods traded in Africa - textiles from Lancashire and Yorkshire, copper and brass from Staffordshire and Cheshire and guns from Birmingham.† (National Museum Liverpool) It is hence, not

Merger, Acquisition, and International Strategies Assignment - 1

Merger, Acquisition, and International Strategies - Assignment Example From this paper it is clear that the company served 138,417 million customers. Further, the company employs four marketing concepts in order to generate higher revenues. The company sells quality air travel services. Service is sold at popular prices. The company excellently ferries the customers from one domestic location in the United States to another domestic location on time and in styly. Furthermore, the company offers its in-flight services at reasonable prices. The reasonable prices do not necessarily equate to the lowest airline ticket prices. Reasonable prices are meant to recuperate the expenses of operating the company’s airline business. Reasonable prices allow the company to squeeze out a certain profit percentage from the daily flight schedules. Additionally, the company promotes the benefits of riding in one of the company’s huge jet planes. Promotions include offering discounts to customers to increase loyalty. This research paper declares that promotio n increases customer loyalty. One of the promotion activities is advertising the company’s services on the Internet and other media advertising venues. Likewise, the promotion includes company granting 10 percent discounts to the elderly passengers. Elderly passengers are those aged from 65 years and above. U.S. Airways. U.S. Airways has its main office in Tempe City, Arizona. The company ferries passengers from one United States location to another domestic location. The company ferries international passenger clients from domestic locations to South American destinations, the European Union member states, and different parts of the Middle Eastern territories. During 2012, U.S. Airways generated $13.83 billion revenues. With the merger of U.S. Airways and American Airlines, the new head office of the merged company will be the American Airlines head office. Further, the merger will result in stockholders of American Airlines owning estimated 70 percent of the amalgamated com pany. The U.S. Airways stockholders will own 30 percent of the combined company. The combined company will retain the name of American Airlines. In accounting parlance, when the name of the combined company retains the name of one of the companies, the joining of the companies into one bigger company is classified as a merger. According to the Edgar online website, American Airlines generated passenger revenues amounting to $4,326 million during the first three months of 2007. American Airlines earned $558 million from the regional affiliate revenues during the same year. The company further generated additional $201 million cargo revenue during the same accounting year. Revenues include cash inflows from other revenue sources amounting to $317 million. Further, the merger is a beneficial strategy.  

Uses of statistical information Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Uses of statistical information - Essay Example Statistics is widely used in most of the companies. In workplaces, statistics plays a major role in helping the organization to manage data. San Francisco General Hospital is one of the famous hospitals in the city.The hospital provides world class facilities and includes state of the art medical equipments. The daily reports and patient report information is stored in a unique manner. Information collection, storage and retrieval are considered as one of the important aspects of hospital maintenance. Apart from all this, information representation and data representation is also equally important. Data representation is generally carried out with the help of statistics. Statistical methods are used to represent the given data in the specified format. Hospital is one of the few places where continuous monitoring is required. Due to this reason, statistics is used in a wide manner. Statistics is used in hospitals to analyze and describe the number of patients who are treated in a part icular year. This enables the management to represent the patients according to the type of treatment. This helps them to decide on the type of treatment and also to improve their services. The statistical data enables the hospital authorities to educate people on the severance of a particular health problem or a disease, so that people implement the preventive measures. Statistical classifiers help them to analyze the patient’s information. The statistical information is often used to get an idea about the treatments provided by the hospital. (Metcalfe, 2003). The number of patients who underwent a particular treatment is represented using the statistical methods. As this seems to be an easy option, hospitals tend to follow these methods. Our hospital includes separate treatment units for inpatients and outpatients. Based on the numbers of patients who get admitted in the hospital, a statistical measure is selected. With the use of this measure, the data pertaining to the de partment is collected, calculated and represented. Categories of Statistics The major categories of statistics include descriptive and inferential statistics. Among the other types, descriptive and inferential statistics are widely used in our hospital. Descriptive statistics is used to ascertain the basis of particular information. While conducting a statistical analysis, the samples are generally summarized using any of the statistical methods. The major use of descriptive statistics is to describe the collected information in a brief manner. (Wilcox, 2010). The patient’s information is collected and the description of the samples is produced. Out of the various methods like mean, median and mode, our hospital uses the mode method. Mode is used to represent the number of patients who are affected by a particular disease. It is also used to represent the patients who frequently visit the hospital. The details about the patients are collected and represented using the mode me thod. The next statistical method is inferential statistics and it is used to derive a conclusion out of the given statistical data. The samples pertaining to a particular concept or a disease is collected and using these samples an inference is obtained. The inference is not obtained only with the available sample, instead these samples are considered as an example of the original result. The main aim of inferential statistics is to arrive at a conclusion based on the similar samples that are collected using the statistical method. Though our hospital follows the descriptive statistical method, inferential statistics is also implemented to represent the data. Random selection method is used to analyze the number of people affected by a particular disease. Based on the limited data, the hospital decides on the type of treatment, so that the patients can be treated immediately. Levels of Measurement Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics are used in our hospi

Did The Cold Wars Ending Cause Globalisation Politics Essay

Did The Cold Wars Ending Cause Globalisation Politics Essay Was globalization a cause or consequence of the end of the cold war? Globalization is a concept that is difficult to define. Due to the ambiguity surrounding what globalization actually constitutes, different political theories can have different views on globalization. In reference to whether globalization was a cause or consequence of the end of the Cold War, it can be argued that globalization was both and cause and consequence, depending on what theoretical approach is taken by the individual, as this essay will demonstrate. Globalization is a recent term which essentially encompasses a number of different concepts to explain a worldwide sense of interconnectedness. To understand globalization one needs to think of it as an extensive series of relationships which connect the economic, social, technological and cultural aspects of our (and other peoples) lives. Essentially globalization refers to movement, specifically an awareness that these relationships are changing with increasing speed and volatility as a result of the increasing ability for people, information, goods and services and even ideas to transgress the globe with relative ease, resulting in the relative de-territorialisation of social, economic and cultural activity and ideas within states. However, we must keep in mind that globalization is not homogenous and means a number of different things to different people. The Cold War (1939 1991) was a period of assumed conflict between the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States of America (USA). Competition between the USSR and the United States was assumed because neither state directly engaged each other in military conflict. However, each state was vying for the dominance of opposing social and value systems (Zimmermann 2003: 20) which resulted in large increases in military spending for both countries, military coalitions with other nations (often resulting in proxy wars) and most famously a nuclear arms race (Duffield 2007: 25-26). The result of this was uniquely bipolar world structured in terms of liberal democracy [versus] socialist communism (Zimmermann 2003: 11) The end of the Cold War (generally thought of as the period from 1985 1991) ended with the collapse of the Soviet Union, an event which can be contributed to a number of events (Spellman 2006: 60). By examining the underlying factors for these events, from both a realist and liberalist perspective, we can come to an understanding of how globalization can be argued to be both a cause for the end of the Cold War and a consequence of the end of the Cold War, depending on which viewpoint is taken by the individual. We are able to use the tenets of realism to argue that, essentially, the end of the Cold War also ended the bipolar structure of the world (which inhibits globalization) thereby allowing globalization to take place. Realism holds the belief that the international system exists in anarchy meaning that there is no higher power to enforce rules upon that state. The bipolar structure of the world can be considered to be an example of anarchy in the global system in light of the fact that during the Cold War, states aligned themselves with either the United States of America or the Soviet Union, according to whether they were more inclined towards socialism or democracy, (Zimmermann 2003: 37) resulting in two distinct global blocs (eventually symbolised by NATO and WARSAW). A realist argument for this bipolarity could be that, in the absence of any meaningful international institution which could guarantee the security of state members, the survival of the state is its primary interest and comes above anything else. Consequently individual states believed that supporting one of the two superpowers would guarantee them this security if their sovereignty was threatened by another state. It can therefor e be argued that due to such multi-national alliances the structure of the world became very bipolar, inhibiting any form of globalization, which relies on the de-territorialisation and interconnectedness of states. Realism also proposes that international institutions are meaningless. At this time the United Nations proved ineffective as it relied largely upon the continued goodwill and co-operation of the Soviet Union and the United States of America (Romero 2005: 127). The end of World War II saw deterioration in relations between the USSR and the USA resulting in the Cold War which lead to the United Nations body (the formerly meaningful overarching power) becoming insignificant. Since globalization, to an extent, relies on the co-operation of states with each other the inefficiency of the United Nations at this time symbolizes the lack of co-operation between states, preventing globalization from taking place. A realist could argue that the hegemony of the United States of America over the USSR lead to the collapse of the Soviet Union. In the period leading up to the end of the Cold War the United States was able to dominate the Soviet Union diplomatically, economically and in terms of military strength as illustrated by President Regans ability to unite the western world in a stance against the Soviet Union (Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation 2008), the thriving U.S economy (compared to the USSR which was stuck in an extended period of stagnation) and the largest peace time military build-up in U.S history which the Soviets were unable to equal. (Zimmermann 2003: 223) This domination had a number of consequences for the Soviet Union including public discontent, a call for change in the face of communism and a move towards the fundamental principles upheld by the west nationalism, individualism and free market capitalism (Spellman 2006) which resulted in the collapse of the Soviet Unio n in 1991. The end of the Soviet Union had the effect of breaking the bipolarity of the world structure by removing the barriers inhibiting globalization, thereby allowing globalization in the form of increased connectivity and concomitant dependency (Zimmermann 2003) to take place. In this realist context globalization is a consequence of the end of the Cold War. In contrast, the liberalist perspective is that globalization caused the end of the Cold War, predominantly through denationalisation of power, resulting in the collapse of the Soviet Union. The overall approach or aim of liberalist theories is to promote individual freedom, rational thinking and human progress by removing the barriers that obstruct equality. In 1985 the Politburo elected reform minded Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Unlike previous secretaries Gorbachevs view of the world included the desire to end the conflict between the United States and the USSR, however many consider his reforms to have been extemporaneous, providing fewer and fewer tools to deal with the crises of the Soviet Union. In fact [Gorbachevs] policies accelerated these crises, (Romero 2005: 86) and to have lead to the decline of the USSR. In an attempt to bolster the Soviet Union and lift it out of a extended period of economic stagnation Gorbachev implemented a number of liberal based policies such as glasnost (political policy of freedom) and perestroika (reconstruction) (Young 1999: 109) thereby effectively removing ba rriers to individual freedom, realistic thinking and human development posed by the formerly oppressive policies of the socialist state. Gorbachevs policy changes can be argued to be in part, contributed to the effects of globalization, in the sense that Gorbachev had been influenced by western (non-socialist) principles when making his reforms which supports the argument for globalization, that state interconnectedness de-nationalizes state power. Liberalist theory places emphasis on individual freedom and rights, it considers the existence of the state to solely promote and preserve the rights of its individual citizens; an inability to do this will result in the breakdown of the state. Mikhail Gorbachevs glasnost and perestroika reforms had unintended consequences for the authority of the communist state over its people. The reduction of communist control over the people under glasnost resulted in the Politburo losing control of the media. With new found freedom to speak out against the state, the media readily exposed the past and present inadequacies and failures of the USSR to the public and more importantly the rest of the world. For example: the countrys current economic difficulties, Chernobyl disaster and former endorsement of Adolf Hitler during World War II were all events which exposed the fault lines in [an] already weak state (Duffield 2007: 53). The public became dissatisfied with the so called positives of sovi et life as the negative aspects of the Soviet Union were brought into the spotlight, and readily expressed their dissatisfaction, threatening the existence of the USSR. Essentially the result of the glasnost and perestroika reforms made the Soviet Union more globalised in the sense that state power was de-nationalised and distributed among institutions (Zimmermann 2003: 59-60) such as the free media which had the ability to spread ideas about the state amongst the public and people outside the Soviet Union, ideas which contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union and therefore the end of the Cold War. The inability of the Soviet Union to represent the best interests of the public resulted in an uprising against the USSR which was catalysed through globalization. In a notable incident in Poland the oppressed people of the Solidarity movement were able to protest the ban on Solidarity. Gorbachev, through glasnost, had weakened the ability of the Soviet regime to impose its control over its republics, for Poland this meant no leaders to restore central authority (Spellman 2006: 192) which allowed the polish to protest without excessive oppression. To liberalists this can be considered to be an act of globalization in the sense that ideas of the Solidarity movement were able to transgress the territorial borders of the state enabling American president Ronald Reagan to seize upon the opportunity to extend a hand of support to the millions behind the iron curtain who looked to the west for help by placing economic sanctions of Poland to protest Solidarity resulting in Soviet non-interv ention in the affair (Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation 2008) which in part contributed to the collapse of the USSR for the reason that other constitute republics followed Polands lead in a move away from socialism (Spellman 2006: 87) mitigating the Soviet power base Liberalists would consider the rise of the people against the socialist state as inevitable due to the fact the only purpose of the state is to promote and preserve the rights of its individual citizens something which the predominately communist Soviet regime was not doing. Globalization as an ever increasing state actor acted upon the bipolar structure of the world, slowly breaking it down as co-operation between states and an emphasis on freedom, equality and free market capitalism increased in the eastern bloc (Romero 2005: 57-58) which resulted in domestic actors and structures within the USSR challenging the socialist regime of the country cumulating in a breakdown of the USSR and the end of the Cold War As demonstrated globalization can be considered both cause and a consequence for the end of the Cold War depending on the theoretical approach taken and which facets of that theoretical approach are applied to the situation. Considering this, the question of whether the globalization was a cause or consequence of the end of Cold War has no definitive answer when applied alongside political theoretical framework and merely constitutes an opportunity for the individual to appreciate the arguments of different theoretical approaches.

Willy Loman is No Tragic Hero in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman :: Death of a Salesman Essays

Willy Loman is No Tragic Hero in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman In Arthur Miller’s essay about â€Å"Tragedy and the Common Man,† he argues that the common man is as appropriate a subject for tragedy as the very highly placed kings and noble men. Mankind keeps tragedy above all forms because they are given the same mental abilities as the nobles. In â€Å"Death of a Salesman†, Willy Loman is a common man and a middle class worker, enough saving to provide food for his family. So if the tragic hero can be a common man, does Willy fit in that category? Even though he is a common man he fails to live up to the standards of being a tragic hero because he never accepts nor admits to his own errors. He, therefore, loses his dignity. One of his biggest errors is his failure of be a good father. Willy Loman’s character is capable of making errors. He believes he is a very successful salesman and well liked. He also thinks that the company likes what he is doing. He once said, â€Å"I’m the New England man. I am vital in New England† (Miller pg. 32) Because of his false belief about his success Howard fired him. After he got fired charley offered him a job, but he refuses to accept, because he is too proud and jealous to work for Charley. His actions were wrong because at no time was a successful salesman. He is not a powerful character. Willy lives in his fantasies where he is the man. Who goes out to another place and comes out rich, he is love by everyone and admired by his family. In real life, he is lazy and does not live up to his own ideals. â€Å"As Aristotle explains, a tragic hero must be one of noble character and must fall from power and happiness.†(Www.ccd.rightchoice.org/lit115/poetics.html) but Willy neither has a noble characteristi c nor does he fall from power because he does not have a position of power. According to Miller, a tragic hero is someone who dies for personal dignity. Willy does die for his dignity. â€Å"Those who act against the scheme of things that degrades them.†(Miller. Tragedy of the Common Man) Willy, in his ideas and action of committing suicide, fits in that category. In act 2, Willy reveals his desires to win back Biff’s respect by committing suicide.

Fifa world cup 2014 Essay

The 2014 World Cup begins on June 12, when Brazil plays Croatia in the opening match. Reporters and editors for The Times will count down to the start of the tournament each day with a short capsule of news and interesting tidbits. Perhaps the biggest change at the World Cup will be the introduction of goal-line technology for those rare instances of dispute. Far more common in the game are vexing tackles from behind, which FIFA, soccer’s world governing body, has expressed new concern about. Diving, or simulation, or what basketball fans call flopping, remains an act that can enrage players and fans. Potential World Cup referees and assistant referees from Asia, Oceania and Europe who this week attended a workshop at FIFA headquarters in Zurich were instructed to pay special attention to the nasty tackles from behind that halt the flow of play and can lead to injury. FIFA’s head of refereeing, Massimo Busacca, said referees working the World Cup would be instructed to react to any signs of rough play. â€Å"The safety of the players is very important, so the referees have to read the situation carefully at the beginning of the game,† Busacca told reporters. â€Å"If players start committing this type of foul, we have to take action to avoid it. We have to say, ‘We do not want to see this kind of football in this competition.’ â€Å"This is the role of the referee, to try to understand and anticipate. Sometimes the players forget because of the adrenaline. The role of the referee is to say: ‘Do you want to play today, or do you want to take a shower?’ We must try to avoid these situations which can destroy football.† More recently, the focus has been on diving, where players embellish a foul or near-foul in a bid to secure a free kick in an advantageous spot on the field. But according to the English referee Howard Webb, who called the 2010 World Cup final in South Africa, diving is a lesser issue for match officials. â€Å"It’s one of the things we are always asked to be vigilant about because when it’s not accurately identified, it can have quite a damaging effect on the game,† Webb said. â€Å"If you look at the number of decisions made around simulation, they are quite low compared to the vast number of decisions we have to make. Although it’s a small problem, it has a big impact when it does happen, so of course it becomes quite serious.† In Zurich, the 17 referees and 31 assistant referees (linesmen) were taken through a series of medical, physical, psychological and technical tests. FIFA said it had also begun to employ video analysis of match situations to help game officials.  FIFA is planning another seminar, beginning April 7, for officials from Concacaf and South American nations.

Presentation of the Gothic Male Protagonist Essays

Presentation of the Gothic Male Protagonist Essays Presentation of the Gothic Male Protagonist Essay Presentation of the Gothic Male Protagonist Essay To what extent does the characterization of Heathenish exemplify gothic elements? Emily Bronzes Withering Heights is not necessarily described as a gothic novel; however it certainly exhibits many gothic elements throughout its narrative. These are present through the characterization of Heathenish as the gothic protagonist as he often exemplifies numerous characteristics of the male gothic archetype. This can be seen through the exploration of binary oppositions within his character, such as his simultaneous representation as both victim and Machiavellian villain. This duality of character can be likened to the protagonist In The Strange Case of Dry Jewell and My Hyde, in which an alternate persona is created in order to fulfill Dry Jellys evil desires. Although Heathenish does not create a defined alternate personality, his drastic inner contradictions are reminiscent of Dry Jellys, shown through his capable for intense love towards Catherine, and simultaneous tyrannical treatment of Isabella. Another prevalent gothic aspect which Is significant to the characterization of Heathenish Is his current associations with bestial and preternatural Influences. Josephs assertion that weve all as summate uh rather side in us, introduces the idea of being connection with bestial or non-human influences, a recurrent theme in the characterization of male protagonists within gothic literature. His appearance is a physical manifestation of his separation from the Earns family, aligning his with the other, describing him as a dark skinned gypsy emphasizes his unknown parentage, marking him as an outsider. Likewise the degrading term gypsy presents the Idea of being underbred, meanwhile his foreign appearance draws upon his connection with the exotic. Recurrent descriptions of him being dark creates ambiguity of whether this is a reference to his race or his nature, heightening the enigma surrounding Heathenish. Its so dark almost as if it came from the devil, through labeling him as it, the lack of nominal attribution disables him from ever truly being Integrated into the Earns family. Satanic connotations draw upon the gothic theme of the supernatural and connect him to these evil Influences, acting as warning of his potentially destructive powers. Shelter associations of his characterization are once again highlighted through the description of his basilisk eyes, suggesting bestial and mythical connections. This constructs Heathenish as being in possession of considerable powers, whilst the annalistic qualities depict a degree of other-worldliness. His continual connection with alternative influences further divides him from the Awareness: A lying fiend, a monster, and not a human being! This demonstration of Heathenish places him In a lamina sphere between human ND inhuman while monster reinforces his brutality, distancing him from empathy or humanity, reminding us of his status as other. Claire Jones stated Heathenish has only the singular name, which serves him as both Christian and surname. This places him radically outside social patterns and conventions. The implantation of the protagonist lends his character to the constant alignment with the enigmatic and unconventionality rather than being accepted by the Awareness: subsequently being An archetype of the gothic male is the possession of considerable powers to create n imposing stance; as stated by David Punter they often stalk the pages of the novel, adding to the subtle terror present within gothic literature. Throughout the narrative the striking physical appearance of Heathenish is communicated to the reader, an aspect constructed through his dominance. Even after death the protagonist holds a power over the remaining characters. Through using a dash close his eyes - Bronze creates a fragmented, breathless tone and we adopt Kneels fearful nature as we are forced to pause and reflect on Heathenishly threatening presence. Likewise as a consequence of her feeble attempts l tried, her fears are projected onto the reader as we adopt her perspective throughout due to her dominance in relaying the narrative. Her tentative nature If possible reinforces his striking physicality as Newly appears to be confronting a considerable force, this notion is emphasizes through continual reference to his life-like gaze which denotes a threatening presence. Meanwhile her doubtful tone is indicative of his ability to transcend the boundary between life and death as her contains passions which Anton be constrained in death. The preternatural nature of Heathenish is communicated through his physical description they would not shut. Through the use of his eyes as the focal point, a satanic, defiant power is suggested while his sharp, white teeth convey his tyrannical behavior through the annalistic connection. This can also be likened to a vampire descriptions which is reminiscent of Count Drachma from Stokers Drachma, thus creating a threatening tone through the linking of both protagonists as it suggests reverent behavior. Heathenishly physical ability is communicated a blow form Heathenish is significant as it is demonstrative of the ease with which he can inflict harm in a single blow. Binary oppositions are often utilized as a vehicle for portraying Heathenishly duality of character, a collective trait within gothic protagonists. A recurrent aspect of his characterization is the representation of him to the reader as both victim and villain. The description of his lip of devoid of their ferocious sneer exemplifies his manipulative nature and constructs his capability for savagery as constant and a defining trait within his harasser. As he is devoid of this malicious gaze, we glimpse a rare of his inner vulnerability. This is reiterated through his unspeakable sadness which outlines the contradictions which occur within the characterization of Heathenish. Despite this, we are unable to ever truly sympathies with the protagonist as any helplessness we are shown the stray sheep us immediately contradicted through the use of contrasting imagery an evil beast. This leaves the reader in a state of ambivalence towards Heathenish as his potential for evil is omnipresent, even in times of weakness.

buy custom The Clash Between Tradition and Modernity essay

buy custom The Clash Between Tradition and Modernity essay Introduction The book love story explores the clash between tradition and modernity. The author looks at the differences between tradition and modernity, by exploring various examples that touches political, economic and cultural aspect of life (Ama Ata Aidoo ) Cultural aspects Esi acceptance to be married by Ali as a second wife depicts the traditional views regarding polygamy as legally allowed which is not the case to modernity. Also ESI opts remain married to Ali despite Alis unfaithfulness claiming to adhere to values she was taught while growing up. Ali take coworker t visit Esi family to discuss issue pertaining to his marriage, traditionally discussing marriage issues was assigned to respectable member of the husband to be. Alis request is rejected for not adhering to expected tradition although modern generation disregards such traditional rituals. Fulsena abandons her job as a nurse by profession so that she can adhere to traditional norms which require her to be submissive to her husband. Economic aspects Esi is seen as complete financially and independent when Ali proposes to drive Esi home as traditional way to express affection which Esi decline. Ali feels totally embarrassed since traditionally a man is supposed to be responsible to a woman. Esi acceptance to be married to Ali after he fulfilled what the tradition dictates as basic requirement for marriage. Also Ali adhere to traditional norms when he accept to offer the society what they dictate as requirement for marriage Political aspects Esis daughter evidence quarrel in the family for not being submissive and participating in decision making in the family which lead her being divorced. The tradition perception on divorce is clearly illustrated when Esi friend fails to understand her decision of leaving Oko. Buy custom The Clash Between Tradition and Modernity essay

Stressors and Stress Management Mechanisms among First-Year School Research Paper

Stressors and Stress Management Mechanisms among First-Year School Principals - Research Paper Example Literature Review This study was conducted based on knowledge and experience brought forward by previous authors and researchers. To gain a wholesome understanding of the whole stress phenomenon, the literature review was conducted in threefold. Firstly, literature review on stressors among first-year principals was investigated. Secondly, studies on effects of stressors were evaluated in the lens of burnout theory. Finally, different ways of stress management options were considered. There is overwhelming evidence that first-year principals and assistant principals are predisposed to various stressors. Young did an elaborate study on some of the major causes of stress among school principals. He concluded, â€Å"The obvious problem of juggling multiple issues that vary in priority requires a blend of wisdom and maturity. New people are unlikely to poses these qualities at the start of their careers in administration† (Young 516). In another independent study on stressors on s chool principals Brock and Grady came up with a finding that â€Å"Some administrators feel overburdened with stress at work. They struggle to maintain high productivity despite the stress. Reluctant to ask for assistance and fearing being perceived as weak or lacking leadership ability (Brock and Grady 60). Whereas evidence points to presence of stressing conditions among first-year principals and assistant principals, it was reported that the condition could even be much worse for principals taking their first-year roles in institutions of special education. This is because these institutions need special attention and profound leadership due to its sensitivity in nature. Johnson claims, â€Å"Special educators are at the highest... The results of this paper confirmed similar previous works done under relatively similar conditions and frames of study. The major stressor was found to be high expectation from all stakeholders especially when the principal encountered a school with discipline and performance issues. The inability to make profound decisions due to lack of experience in the new environment was a major stressor among many of the principals. Overwhelming activities associated with the position was reported to be quite a challenge particularly for principals taking the position for the first time. Effects of stress were common among all the subjects of study. Stress manifested itself physically and psychologically. However, stress management mechanisms varied widely from one principal to another though there was considerable overlap of the same. It is therefore important that the results of this study were taken seriously by anyone considering making further progress in this matter. It has been found th at stress among first-year principals and their assistants is a reality. It is also important to note that there exists several stress management mechanisms that can be used by first-year principals to ensure that their integration on the new positions takes place effectively. The results of the study are not exclusive for first-year principals only but can be applied across a wide variety of other related disciplines.

Project Assignment week 5 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project week 5 - Assignment Example Name of design pattern: Data access object Classification: Design Problem: The problem that will be got is that the users will be exposed to complex working and operation of the program. This should not be the case as the users should only access simple interface without any much complications of the system. Solution: The solution that will be applied in the system is the use of DAO pattern. In the system, the use cases who will be involved include making an online purchase, making an online inquiry, and making payment. The use case diagram below show the use cases which will need the use of this design pattern in our case. Consequences The first design pattern that will be used is that of the data access object. Data access object is a design pattern that is used to hide the complexity of the program for the user. Users are not supposed to get the details of how the program has been developed. This is where the data access object comes in. The DAO helps data access mechanisms to be able to change without depending on the code that makes use of the data. It is tasked with the management of the connection to the source of data in order to get or retrieve the data. This design pattern helps users to access what they are supposed to access. Real world example: There are applications that are used in the world today that make use of DAO. An example is Facebook which makes use of this design pattern to hide the working of the system in the background and present the users with a simple interface. Design pattern: Dispatcher pattern Classification: Design Problem: There is a problem when passing messages in a hierarchical model of software architectures that are found in the world today. There is a need to have a communication between the objects that are found in the same tier. Solution: The use of dispatcher pattern helps to send communication messages between objects which are found in the same tier. In the ANDC system, there will be the use of the same use cases l ike that of DAO. Consequences The dispatcher is a design pattern that is used to give the requests of the client to the proper party object that is found on the same level of tiers. The client requests are essential issues that come into play when designing the user interface and large programs. It is important to take care of requests from the client. Both data access object and dispatcher are two design patterns that deal with the users. They are design patterns that concern how the data and users will interact with the system. The difference between these two design patterns is that data access pattern is concerned with users and data. It is more concerned with the integrity of the data. This is unlike dispatcher which is tasked with how requests are handled. It is, therefore, more oriented to the user than the data or how the program operates (Papp 2001). Design pattern: Factory design pattern Classification: Design Problem: There is a problem of having the same collection of ob jects that can be instantiated together. There is a need to have a collection of these objects so that they can be instantiated together. Solution The solution to this problem is that similar objects will be collected and instantiated together. A design pattern that will undertake this process was designed. The actors that will be involved in the design include the customer, ANDC staff, and administrators. There are common tasks that will be undertaken by these groups. The diagram will include all the